Discover T T Blackmail Blackmail Blackmail Sex Ca Hayloft

Dating

Тоже Форум - Вязанные шоссы и худ для бедняка. Discover T T Blackmail Blackmail Blackmail Sex Ca Hayloft

Discover T T Blackmail Blackmail Blackmail Sex Ca Hayloft

ересных фахтов :-)
Irena Turnau “History of knitting before mass production”, Warshawa, 1991
Polska Akademia Nauk. Institut kultury Materialnej

Knitwear in the Early Middle Ages

The first products defined as knitted were small in size and usually of one colour. Later products, probably of Arab origin, have survived in larger fragments and were generally produced from multicoloured yarn. The earliest of them are knitted socks, Coptic or Arab, kept in the Musees Royaux d'Art et d'Historie in Brussels, in the section with Coptic and Arabian fabrics. It is impossible to date them accurately. The length of the foot-part is 14 cm. They are made of good quality wool, in stripes of different shades of beige and green. They remind one of the cotton stockings knitted in multicoloured stripes which L. Bellinger dates to the early twelfth century. These were found in Egypt but the authoress places them among the products of Indian Knitting.17 (II. 1).
I saw this collection in 1980 as well as another cotton stocking kept in Deutches Textilmuseum in Krefeld. They were worked with two needles and involved considerable skill in the fashioning of the heel. The biggest pieces from Textile Museum seem to be a part of some garment (no. 73460). Most probably they were of Arabian origin, just as are the above-mentioned socks and two knitted fragments in coloured stripes kept at the Victoria and Albert Museum. The Arabs of the early Middle Ages are supposed to have worn knitted shirts or kaftans.18 The preserved fragments seem to be parts of knitted garments. The knitted articles from twelfth-thirteenth centuries are of Arabian production also from Las Huelgas near Burgos in Old Castile. Except for a worn-out glove, they consist of patterned knitted cushions, which belong to the oldest and most interesting specimens of Arabian patterned knitting. They have been referred to only in the general catalogue of textile relics of Las Huelgas, without any technological analyses and are accessible only through a glass pane and area badly lit. Despite these unfavourable conditions, they can be stated to be real knitted pieces, and an inscription provides evidence of their Arabian origin. These items should be considered in connection with cushions found in numerous graves of that period. Most of these are sewn from patterned silk material, often gold-threaded, from coloured wool, embroidered fabrics or in rare cases tapestry of a type of sprang and lace. Therefore the cushions knitted on two needles belonged to less expensive products, one of them has been placed under the head of a child. Thus, among the cushions produced by different textile techniques, knitted cushions from coloured wool were the cheapest ones.
The oldest of the knitted relics from Las Huelgas was found in the grave of Fernando de la Cerda who died in 1275. It is square, the sides being approximately 36 cm long. The design is worked in three colours, violet, gold and white, in a net arrangement of octagons and squares filled with architectural and rosette motifs. The Arabian inscription means "blessing". Another knitted cushion cover was found in the grave of Fernando, son of Alfonso X, who died in 1283. Tt is knitted from green, brown, white and black wool. The ornamentation depicts lions, stars, lilies and other flowers, and its size is only about 28 cm square. These two perfectly preserved products of Arabian knitting from the thirteenth century are still waiting to be elaborated. The cushion and gloves from the thirteenth century were found also in Seville. The third relic of Arabian patterned knitting, dating probably from the same period is kept in Kulturen Museum in Lund. It is a piece of fine patterned knitting made of red, white, yellow and black thread. C. J. Lamm bought the piece in Cairo. The white, probably linen, glove from the grave of the Infanta Maria from Las Huelgas who died c. 1196, produced either with needles or by knotless netting, is not on display owing to its poor state of preservation.19 (II. 4ab)
Liturgical gloves belong to the items most frequently met among the knitted products of the early Middle Ages. Bishops, as well as priests, used liturgical gloves from the sixth or at the latest the seventh century. Already in 800, in one of the church inventories, there are 16 pairs of gloves listed. Bishops usually wore knitted gloves while those of priests were sewn from cloth or leather. The gloves were knitted from woollen, silk, less frequently linen yarn. The oldest of the preserved knitted gloves are usually white, while red and violet appear later in accordance with the most important liturgical colours. All these relics are very carefully preserved in church treasuries and most of them were already mentioned in the nineteenth century literature pertaining to liturgical clothes.20
The frequency of occurrence of knitted gloves in the liturgical garments of bishops is evidenced, for example, by eleven images of seals dating from 1200-1250. In addition to representations of gloves on sculptures and in illustrated manuscripts, there remain about 30 pairs of knitted gloves still preserved in church treasuries. Not all the relics have survived to our times. Church inventories from the Middle Ages listed a large number of gloves. For instance, in 1382 in Cluny there were 22 pairs listed, in St. Paul's Cathedral in London three pairs were counted in 1402, while a preserved glove from Prague was first mentioned already in 1387. The common usage of liturgical gloves is corroborated by papal bulls from the eleventh and twelfth centuries.21 The shape of these gloves was subject to regulation: they were close- fitting with five elongated fingers, a long knitted cuff, the upper part of the palm being decorated with a sacred symbol. Preserved relics are kept in church treasuries under glass which protects them from deterioration, but make technological analysis impossible. For example, S. Muller-Christensen established recently that the bishops' gloves from the twelfth century from Speyer were produced by the knotless netting technique.22 Their massive occurrence gives reason to assume that at least some of them must have been knitted in women's convents. Descriptions of catholic liturgical garments provide much information concerning the oldest knitted relics. The gloves preserved in the treasury of the Saint-Sernin Basilica in Toulouse, the so-called gloves of St. Remigius are datable to the thirteenth century owing to the style of the copper rosette. They are supposed to have formed part of the property of the Joanittes order of Jerusalem, therefore might have been modelled on Arabian knitting. These gloves appear to have been produced from raw unbleached silk though M. Dubuisson states them to be of linen and are knitted in simple stocking stitch on rather thick needles. Also from the thirteenth century is a fragment of silk gloves found in the grave on an unknown bishop in the Saint-Denis Abbey in Paris.23 The third pair of the oldest gloves preserved in France, knitted from red silk, is kept in the St. Bertrand of Comminges Abbey in the Pyrenees and dates from the fifteenth century. Other pairs of gloves listed in early catalogues have not survived to our times.24 Such items are mentioned in Chartres, Troyes, Cambrai, Avignon; in some cases only the decoration of liturgical symbols iТоже Форум - Вязанные шоссы и худ для бедняка. Discover T T Blackmail Blackmail Blackmail Sex Ca Hayloftc j Porn i Naked Sex wТоже Форум - Вязанные шоссы и худ для бедняка. Discover T T Blackmail Blackmail Blackmail Sex Ca Haylofty Prancing